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HTML Tutorial

 

What is HTML? HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML) is a language used to make web pages. This language is what your browser translates into those cool (and sometimes not so cool) web pages you have been viewing, (like this one).

Text Formatting And Alignment

Start Tag End Tag Use Result
<div align="center"> </div> <div align="center">The text is centered in this box.</div>
The text is centered in this box.
<b> </b> <b>This is bold text.</b> This is bold text.
<i> </i> <i>This is italic text.</i> This is italic text.
<address> </address> <address>This is my address</address>
This is my address
<h2> </h2> <h2>Chapter1</h2>

Chapter 1

<font size="2"> </font> <font size="2">This is font size 2</font> This is font size 2
<font color="#006600"> </font> <font color="#0066CC">This sentence is green.</font> This sentence is blue.
<u> </u> This part of <u>the</u> text is underlined. This part of the text is underlined.
<br> Illegal Line 1.<br>
Line 2.		 Line 1.
Line 2.
<p> Optional ...end of paragraph 1.
<p>
Start of paragraph 2...		 ...end of paragraph 1.

Start of paragraph 2...

 
Division: The division tag can be used to align text, graphics, or tables. It is used with the align attributes, left (default), center, and right.
Bold: The bold tag makes text darker and thicker.
Italics: The italics makes text italic. A similar tag, <address> also makes text italic and is generally used to provide contact information a the end on a page.
Headings: The heading tag allows you to add headings and sub headings to your page. The sizes available are 1 through 7, with 1 being the largest.
Font: The font tag can be used to change the size, or color. The default font size is 3 and the default color is black. The sizes available are 1 through 7, with 7 being the largest.

The font color can be changed by using the hexadecimal value of the red/green/blue combination that makes up the color. You can use the color name but one weakness of the MS Explorer Browser is that it can only recognizes a hand full of names, names like deepskyblue would only confuse it. Click here to see our RGB Color Chart which will work in all browsers.

Underline: The underline tag can be used to underline text. Because of possible confusion with Links it is not implemented on some browsers and has been depreciated by the W3C in HTML Version 4.0. (In layman terms... "try not to use it").
Line Break: The break tag breaks a line of text and starts a new line.
New Paragraph: The paragraph tag starts a new paragraph.

Nesting Elements

To "nest" elements means to put one inside of another. As an example, you could make text very strongly emphasized by nesting the <font color> element and the <i> element inside of the <b> element:

It is <b><font color="red"><i>highly recommended></i></font></b> that you extinguish smoking materials before applying hair spray.

This is rendered as:

It is highly recommended that you extinguish smoking materials before applying hair spray.

Notice the order the start and ending tags are in? When nesting tags, be sure to close them in the reverse order you opened them in. HTML Validator's are very good at catching improperly nested elements.

Horizontal Rules

The <hr> horizontal rule tag creates a line which can be used to break up space on your page. The <hr> horizontal rule tag has three principal attributes:
  • Width can be set in pixels or as a percentage with the width attribute. The default width is 100%.
  • Alignment can be set to left, right or center with the alignment attribute. The default alignment is left.
  • Thickness can be set pixels with the size attribute. Default is 3 pixels.
Here's how <hr width="75%" align="center" size="4"> appears in your browser:

Arranging Text in Lists

Lists are used to indent one or more items or lines of text, on a web page. There are two general types of lists, ordered and unordered. An ordered list has each item numbered, while an unordered list uses bullets to indicate each item.

Ordered (Numbered) Lists

Use:

I like all kinds of music.
<P>
<OL>
<LI>Rock And Roll
<LI>Jazz
<LI>Classical
<LI>Country
<LI>Folk
</OL>

Results:

I like all kinds of music.

  1. Rock And Roll
  2. Jazz
  3. Classical
  4. Country
  5. Folk

Unordered (Bullet) Lists

Use:

My car has these options.
<P>
<UL>
<LI>Anti Lock Brakes
<LI>Air conditioning
<LI>CD Player
<LI>Leather Seats
<LI>Passenger Airbag
<LI>Talking Wife
<LI>Power Locks
<LI>Power Seats
</UL>

Result:

My car has these options.

  • Anti Lock Brakes
  • Air conditioning
  • CD Player
  • Leather Seats
  • Passenger Airbag
  • Talking Wife
  • Power Locks
  • Power Seats

You can get fancy when using the Unordered List by changing the bullet style to disk, square or circle.

Use:

<UL TYPE="disc">
<LI>this creates bullets which are filled circles
</UL>

Result:

  • this creates bullets which are filled circles

Use:

<UL TYPE="square">
<LI>this creates bullets which are filled squares
</UL>

Result:

  • this creates bullets which are filled squares

Use:

<UL TYPE="circle">
<LI>this creates bullets which may be either open circles or open squares, depending on the browser
</UL>

Result:

  • this creates bullets which may be either open circles or open squares, depending on the browser


 

siehe auch FARBCODETABELLE